1. GNU core utilities http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/coreutils	2. Miscellaneous system utilities http://userweb.kernel.org/~kzak/util-linux/
3. utilities for making and checking MS-DOS FAT filesystems http://www.daniel-baumann.ch/software/dosfstools/	4. Undelete utility for the ext2 file system http://e2undel.sourceforge.net
5. utilities for manipulating files in an ext2/ext3 filesystem http://home.earthlink.net/~k_sheff/sw/e2tools/index.html	6. Determines file type using “magic” numbers http://www.darwinsys.com/file/
7. filesystem activity monitoring tool http://mytty.org/fspy	8. realtime filesystem monitoring program using inotify http://iwatch.sourceforge.net/
9. Utilities for manipulating filesystem extended attributes http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr/	10. filename encoding conversion tool http://www.j3e.de/linux/convmv/
11. Tool to help recover deleted files on ext3 filesystems http://code.google.com/p/ext3grep/	12. The GNU Image Manipulation Program http://www.gimp.org
13. A Scheme language interpreter http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/ftpdir/scm/scm-5e7.zip	14. MPlayer’s Movie Encoder http://www.mplayerhq.hu/
15. audio/video encoder, streaming server & audio/video file converter http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/	16. Interactive Colorful IP LAN Monitor http://iptraf.seul.org/
17. An utility for Directing compilation. http://www.gnu.org/software/make/	18. GNU C compiler http://gcc.gnu.org/
19. command-line network traffic analyzer http://www.tcpdump.org/	20. interactive processes viewer http://htop.sourceforge.net
21. FAT16/FAT32 filesystem resizer http://sf.net/projects/fatresize	22. Guess PC disk partition table, find lost partitions http://home.pages.de/~michab/gpart/
23. File Alteration Monitor http://oss.sgi.com/projects/fam/	24. command-line utility that reports when files have been altered http://fileschanged.sourceforge.net/

UNIX Command

$ls -l vmlinuz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Dec  1 02:44 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1-amd64
$ls -lL vmlinuz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2725680 Nov 29 19:49 vmlinuz
$

 

UNIX Explanation

 -L, --dereference
when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself.

 

Theory Drop

In  computing, a symbolic  link (also  symlink or  soft link)  is a
special type of  file that contains a reference  to another file or
directory  in the form  of an  absolute or  relative path  and that
affects pathname resolution.[1] Symbolic links were already present
by  1978  in mini-computer  operating  systems  from  DEC and  Data
General's   RDOS.   Today  they   are   supported   by  the   POSIX
operating-system standard, most Unix-like operating systems such as
FreeBSD,  GNU/Linux,  and Mac  OS  X,  and  also Windows  operating
systems  such as Windows  Vista, Windows  7 and  to some  degree in
Windows 2000 and Windows  XP.  Symbolic links operate transparently
for most operations: programs which read or write to files named by
a symbolic link will behave  as if operating directly on the target
file.  However,  programs  that   need  to  handle  symbolic  links
specially (e.g., backup utilities) may identify and manipulate them
directly.

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link

Classroom.

Wrapfs  is  a   full-fledged  stackable  null-layer  (or  loopback)
filesystem   that  simply   passes  all   operations   and  objects
(unmodified)  between  the VFS  and  the  lower filesystem.  Wrapfs
itself, however, is  not easy to write for one  main reason; it has
to  treat  the  lower filesystem  as  if  it  were the  VFS,  while
appearing to the  real Linux VFS as a  lower-level filesystem. This
dual  role requires  careful handling  of locks,  reference counts,
allocated  memory and  so on.  Luckily, someone  already  wrote and
maintains Wrapfs. Therefore, Wrapfs serves as an excellent template
for you to modify and add new functionality.

source : http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6485

Get The Hang

int wrapfs_unlink(struct inode *dir,
                  struct dentry *dentry)
{
  int err = 0;
  struct inode *lower_dir;
  struct dentry *lower_dentry;
  lower_dir = get_lower_inode(dir);
  lower_dentry = get_lower_dentry(dentry);
  /* pre-call code can go here */
  err = lower_dir->i_op->unlink(lower_dir,
                                lower_dentry);
  /* post-call code can go here */
  return err;
}

source : http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6485

http://people.csail.mit.edu/jrennie/20Newsgroups/vocabulary.txt

Paper.
The Linux Frame Buffer Device Subsystem

Topic

Endianness

Explanation

Endianess  is  the byte  order  of  the  number in  the  computer's
memory. The  number can have any  size of bits, bu  the most common
numbers used are 32 bits (4 bytes) and 16 bits (2 bytes).

source : http://www.rapidtables.com/prog/endianess.htm

Theory Drop

In computing, the term endian  or endianness refers to the ordering
of individually addressable sub-componentswithin the representation
of a larger data item  as stored in external memory (or, sometimes,
as  sent  on  a  serial  connection).  Each  sub-component  in  the
representation has a unique  degree of significance, like the place
value  of digits  in  a decimal  number.  These sub-components  are
typically  16-  or  32-bit   words,  8-bit  bytes,  or  even  bits.
Endianness is  a difference in data representation  at the hardware
level and may or may not be transparent at higher levels, depending
on factors such as the type of high level language used.


source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness

Get The Hang

/* swap partition endianess hack... */
        if (swab32(swap_header->info.version) == 1) {
                swab32s(&swap_header->info.version);
                swab32s(&swap_header->info.last_page);
                swab32s(&swap_header->info.nr_badpages);
                for (i = 0; i info.nr_badpages; i++)
                        swab32s(&swap_header->info.badpages[i]);
        }

UNIX Command

$ls
bp  cfg.c  cfg.h  CVS  gtk  Makefile  sample.cfg  simpleproxy.c
$ls -I gtk
bp  cfg.c  cfg.h  CVS  Makefile  sample.cfg  simpleproxy.c
$ls -I gtk CVS
Entries  Repository  Root
$ls -I CVS gtk
main.c	Makefile  simpleproxy-gtk.c
$ls -I cfg.c
bp  cfg.h  CVS	gtk  Makefile  sample.cfg  simpleproxy.c
$ls -I bp
cfg.c  cfg.h  CVS  gtk	Makefile  sample.cfg  simpleproxy.c
$

UNIX Explanation

-I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

Theory Drop

In computer science,  pattern matching is the act  of checking some
sequence of  tokens for  the presence of  the constituents  of some
pattern. In contrast to  pattern recognition, the match usually has
to  be  exact. The  patterns  generally  have  the form  of  either
sequences  or tree  structures.  Uses of  pattern matching  include
outputting  the locations  (if any)  of  a pattern  within a  token
sequence, to output  some component of the matched  pattern, and to
substitute  the matching  pattern  with some  other token  sequence
(i.e., search and replace).

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_matching

[audio:http://www.beautifulwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/mlj.1.mp3]

Lyrics Related

Just shoot for the stars
If it feels right
And aim for my heart
If you feel like
And take me away and make it OK
I swear I'll behave

source : http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/maroon5/moveslikejagger.html