$cat example.txt A for Apple. B for Baby. C for Cat. D for Donkey. $grep A example.txt A for Apple. $grep -x A example.txt $grep -x A for Apple. example.txt grep: for: No such file or directory grep: Apple.: No such file or directory $grep -x "A for Apple." example.txt A for Apple. $grep -x "A for Apple" example.txt $
grep -x option Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line. (-x is specified by POSIX.) source : debian grep manual.
case 'x':
match_lines = 1;
break;
source : debian GNU grep.
Research Related Paper.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.85.1663&rep=rep1&type=pdf